Inspired by Open Source Software (OSS), yet not fully open...
With Open Weight (OW) typically the final model weights (& the fully trained model) are made available under a liberal free to reuse, modify, distribute, non-discriminating, etc licence. This helps for anyone wanting to start with the fully trained Open Weight model & apply them, fine-tune, modify weights (LoRA, RAG, etc) for custom use-cases. To that extent, OW has a share & reuse philosophy.
On the other hand, wrt training data, data sources, detailed architecture, optimizations details, and so on OW diverges from OSS by not making it compulsory to share any of these. So these remain closed source with the original devs, with a bunch of pros & cons. Copyright material, IP protection, commercial gains, etc are some stated advantages for the original devs/ org. But lack of visibility to the wider community, white box evaluation of model internals, biases, checks & balances are among the downsides of not allowing a full peek into the model.
Anyway, that's the present, a time of great flux. As models stabilize over time OW may tend towards OSS...
References
- https://openweight.org/
- https://www.oracle.com/artificial-intelligence/ai-open-weights-models/
- https://medium.com/@aruna.kolluru/exploring-the-world-of-open-source-and-open-weights-ai-aa09707b69fc
- https://www.forbes.com/sites/adrianbridgwater/2025/01/22/open-weight-definition-adds-balance-to-open-source-ai-integrity/
- https://promptengineering.org/llm-open-source-vs-open-weights-vs-restricted-weights/
- https://promptmetheus.com/resources/llm-knowledge-base/open-weights-model
- https://www.agora.software/en/llm-open-source-open-weight-or-proprietary/